Police powers to stop and search: your rights
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1. Overview
The police can stop and question you at any time. They can stop and search you depending on the situation.
The rules are and .
If you鈥檙e unhappy with how the police have treated you, you can complain about your treatment.
2. Police powers to stop and question
The police can stop and question you at any time.
A police community support officer (PCSO) must be in uniform when they stop and question you.
A police officer does not always have to be in uniform. If they鈥檙e not, they must show you their warrant card as proof of their identity.
A police officer might stop you and ask:
- what your name is
- what you鈥檙e doing in the area
- where you鈥檙e going
You do not have to stop or answer any questions. If you do not and there鈥檚 no other reason to suspect you, then this alone cannot be used as a reason to search or arrest you.
3. Police powers to stop and search
A police officer has powers to stop and search you if they have 鈥榬easonable grounds鈥� to suspect you鈥檙e carrying:
- illegal drugs
- a weapon
- stolen property
- something which could be used to commit a crime, such as a crowbar
You cannot say no to being searched if there are reasonable grounds to search you. The police officer can stop you from walking away if you try to.
You can only be stopped and searched without reasonable grounds if it has been approved by a senior police officer. This can happen if it鈥檚 suspected that:
- serious violence could take place
- you鈥檙e carrying a weapon or have used one
- you鈥檙e in a specific location or area
Being searched does not mean you鈥檙e being arrested.
Before you鈥檙e searched
Before you鈥檙e searched the police officer must tell you:
- their name and police station
- what they expect to find, for example drugs
- the reason they want to search you, for example if it looks like you鈥檙e hiding something
- why they鈥檙e legally allowed to search you
- if they鈥檙e recording you on a body-worn camera
- that you can have a record of the search and if this is not possible at the time, how you can get a copy
Removing clothing: police powers
A police officer can ask you to take off your coat, jacket, footwear or gloves.
The police officer might ask you to take off other clothes and anything you鈥檙e wearing for religious reasons - for example a veil or turban. If they do, they must take you somewhere out of public view and must not take you to a police vehicle.
If the police officer wants to remove more than a jacket, footwear or gloves they must be the same sex as you.
You must be searched as quickly as possible and allowed to dress as soon as the search is done. You do not normally have to take off all your clothes at once.
If the police officer records the search, they should cover their body camera or turn it away when your intimate body parts are exposed.
If you鈥檙e under 18 or a vulnerable adult
An 鈥�appropriate adult鈥� must normally be with you if the search exposes your intimate body parts.
They do not need to be with you if:
- the search is urgent and there鈥檚 a risk of serious harm to you or others
- you鈥檙e under 18 and both you and your appropriate adult agree to them not being there (the police must make a record of this decision)
4. Complaining about your treatment by the police
Contact the or call 101 if you鈥檙e unhappy about how the police have treated you.
If you鈥檙e complaining about the treatment of a child under 18, you can also contact the or the .
You can also ask your local for advice.
Police forces must refer certain types of complaints to the .